Professor Nicholas Caldwell

Nicolas is actively involved in research, collaborating with academics in the UK, Europe, the Americas, Asia, Africa and Australia. His research interests are artificial intelligence, engineering change management, engineering design, information systems,  knowledge management, process modelling (design and business), and scanning electron microscopy. He is a PhD supervisor for both the University of Cambridge in engineering design and for the University of Suffolk with current students involved in research on artificial intelligence, cyber security, data analytics, human-computer interaction, and software engineering. He is always happy to consider applications for postgraduate research (PhD) in any of these areas.

Nicholas is heavily involved in the Digital Futures Institute at the University of Suffolk, and the leader of the Technological Enablers and Social Media theme for the Global Knowledge Research Network consortium. He was Suffolk's Principal Investigator for the InnovateUK-funded "100CC" project (consortium led by Cisco). This work assisted the SME partners in improving their software and hardware solutions aimed at combating the social isolation and lack of digital skills of elderly and vulnerable people. Consequently, both Bronze Software Labs and GDS Digital were able to deploy their products to support a number of local government authorities in assisting vulnerable citizens in accessing essential services during the current pandemic.

He was Suffolk’s Principal Investigator on the Smarter Suffolk: A Live Lab consortium project, which was part of a national initiative of the Association of Directors of Environment, Economy, Planning and Transport’s (ADEPT) SMART Places Live Lab, funded by the Department of Transport. The aim was to undertake a variety of scientifically rigorous trials utilising Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and through analysis of the resulting rich and large datasets of environmental, traffic and other conditions, determine the validity of the business cases and inform strategic adoption across the UK.  In addition, he is heavily involved in business engagement and enterprise activities, providing consultancy for regional SMEs, and was “knowledge base” for a Knowledge Transfer Partnership in conjunction with Coderus, and one with Matrixx.

From 1998 to 2013, Nicholas was a Research Associate at the Department of Engineering within the University of Cambridge, undertaking research in multiple areas with a diverse set of research groups.

His initial research was a continuation of his work in applied artificial intelligence and microscopy, jointly with Dr David Holburn and Bernie Breton, with funding from LEO Electron Microscopy (now Carl Zeiss Microscopy) and the Isaac Newton Trust. From 1998 to 2000, he also worked with the Engineering Design Centre to develop web-based tools, such as WebCADET, a decision support and knowledge management system) to support design research. In this, he was assisting Professor Paul Rodgers (formerly of the Engineering Design Centre, now Professor of Design at Lancaster University) and Dr Avon Huxor (then at the University of Middlesex).

From January 2006 to June 2013, Nicholas was an active member of the Engineering Design Centre at the University of Cambridge. He worked on the EPSRC Grand Challenge Knowledge & Information Management Through-Life (KIM) project, with a key result being the development of a set of principles for through-life management of engineering information, and the software implementation of Design Structure Matrices for the Cambridge Advanced Modeller platform. He was heavily involved in the design and development of the first Inclusive Design Toolkit website. In change management research, Nicholas was part of the NECTISE consortium with BAE Systems, designing and implementing the Change Prediction Method algorithms and visualisations in the Cambridge Advanced Modeller platform. In a joint project with BP and MIT, he conducted research to benchmark existing BP change management policies, providing a set of recommendations for adoption across multiple business units, and analysed historical change data to identify effective indicators for predicting project success and failure. In the EU Framework Programme 7 project, CRESCENDO, led by Airbus, his work focused on applying change prediction techniques to workflows and modelling those design processes within the context of a simulation factory of federated tools and models for next-generation aircraft design. His final piece of research at Cambridge was to develop a set of healthcare readiness levels for assessing the maturity of innovations in healthcare.

Nicholas holds a BA in Computer Science and a PhD in Engineering, both from the University of Cambridge. His doctoral thesis was entitled "Knowledge-Based Engineering for the Scanning Electron Microscope"

Publications

Professor Nicholas Hugh Mullen Caldwell, BA PhD FBCS CEng CITP SFHEA FRMS

Journal Papers and Book Chapters

1. Chand, G., Breton, B.C., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Holburn, D.M. (1997)
   “World Wide Web Controlled Scanning Electron Microscope”, Scanning: The Journal of Scanning Microscopies, 19(4), pp. 292-296.
2. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (1998)
   “Remote Instrument Diagnosis on the Internet”, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 13(3), pp. 70-76.
3. Rodgers, P.A., Huxor, A.P. and Caldwell, N.H.M. (1999)
   “Design Support Using Distributed Web-Based AI Tools”, Research in Engineering Design, 11(1), pp. 31-44.
4. Rodgers, P.A., Blessing, L.T.M., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Huxor, A.P. (1999)
   “Exploring the Effectiveness of Network-based Tools in Distributed Conceptual Design Activity”, in Juster, N.P. (Editor), The Continuum of Design Education, Professional Engineering Publishing Ltd., London 1999, pp. 151-161.
5. Caldwell, N.H.M., Clarkson, P.J., Rodgers, P.A., and Huxor, A.P. (2000)
   “Web-based knowledge management for distributed design”, IEEE Intelligent Systems, 15(3), pp. 40-47.
6. Rodgers, P.A., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Huxor, A.P., (2001),
   “An Internet-based approach to the capture and reuse of knowledge in design”, in R. Roy (ed.), Industrial Knowledge Management: A Micro-level Approach, Springer-Verlag: London, 2001, pp. 249- 263.
7. Rodgers, P.A., Caldwell, N.H.M., Huxor, A.P., and Clarkson, P.J. (2001)
   “The Management of Concept Design Knowledge in Modern Product Development Organizations”, Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 14(1), pp. 108-115.
8. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (2002)
   “Web-Based Expert Systems: Information Clients versus Knowledge Servers”, in Szczepaniak, Piotr S.; Segovia, Javier; Kacprzyk, Janusz; Zadeh, Lotfi A. (Editors), Intelligent Exploration of the Web, Springer-Verlag, pp. 404-419.
9. Heisig, P., Caldwell, N.H.M., Grebici, K. and Clarkson, P.J. (2010)
   “Exploring knowledge and information needs in engineering from the past and for the future - results from a survey”, Design Studies, 31(5), pp. 499-532
10. Jarratt, T.A.W., Eckert, C.M., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2011)
    “Engineering change: an overview and perspective on the literature”, Research in Engineering Design, 22(2), 103-124
11. Koh, E.C.Y, Caldwell, N.H.M. and Clarkson, P.J. (2012)
    “A Method to Assess the Effects of Engineering Change Propagation”, Research in Engineering Design, 23(4), 329-351 (doi: 10.1007/s00163-012-0131-3)
12. Atkinson, S.R., Goodger, A., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Hossain L. (2012)
    “How Lean the Machine; How Agile the Mind?”, The Learning Organization, 19(3), pp. 183-206.
13. Hamraz, B., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2012)
    “A Multi-domain Engineering Change Propagation Model to Support Uncertainty Reduction and Risk Management in Design”, ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, 134(10), 100905  doi:10.1115/1.4007397
14. Hamraz, B., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2013)
    “A Matrix-Calculation-Based Algorithm for Numerical Change Propagation Analysis”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 60(1), 186-198 (doi:10.1109/TEM.2012.2203307)
15. Hamraz, B., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2013) “A Holistic Categorisation Framework for Literature on Engineering Change Management”, Systems Engineering, Systems Engineering, 2013 Vol 16 (4), pp 473-505, (doi: 10.1002/sys.21244)
16. Koh, E.C.Y, Caldwell, N.H.M. and Clarkson, P.J. (2013)
    “A Technique to Assess the Changeability of Complex Engineering Systems”, Journal of Engineering Design, 24(7), pp.477-498, doi: 10.1080/09544828.2013.769207
17. Hamraz, B., Caldwell, N.H.M., Wynn, D.C., and Clarkson, P.J. (2013)
    “Requirements-based Development of an Improved Engineering Change Management Method”, Journal of Engineering Design, 24(11), pp765-793, doi: 10.1080/09544828.2013.834039
18. Wynn, D.C., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2014)
    “Predicting change propagation in complex design workflows”, ASME Journal of Mechanical Design, 136(8), Paper No: MD-13-1402; doi: 10.1115/1.4027495
19. Heisig, P., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2014)
    “Core information categories for engineering design – contrasting empirical studies with a review of integrated models”, Journal of Engineering Design, 25(1-3), pp88-124, doi: 10.1080/09544828.2014.910593
20. Atkinson, S.R., Taba, S.T., Goodger, A, Caldwell, N, and Hossain, L (2014)
    “Synthetic Standards in Managing Health Lifecycles and Cyber Relationships”, IARA International Journal on Life Science, 6, pp41-51, available from http://www.thinkmind.org/index.php?view=article&articleid=lifsci_v6_n12_2014_4
21. Hamraz, B., Caldwell, N.H.M., Ridgman, T.W., and Clarkson, P.J. (2015)
    “FBS Linkage ontology and technique to support engineering change management”, Research in Engineering Design, 26(1), pp3-35, doi: 10.1007/s00163-014-0181-9
22. Sarka, P., Heisig, P., Caldwell, N.H.M., Maier, A.M., and Ipsen, C. (2019)
    “Future research on information technology in knowledge management: Results from a global expert panel study”, Knowledge and Process Management, 26, 277-296, DOI: 10.1002/kpm.1601
23. Atkinson, S.R. Skinner, C.J., Joiner, K.F., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Swidan, A. (2020)
    “Important trends and junctures in warship design”, Marine Systems & Ocean Technology, DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/s40868-020-00076-2

Long Conference Papers

24. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (1996)
    “An Expert System for Fault Diagnosis in the Scanning Electron Microscope”, in Applications and Innovations in Expert Systems IV, pp. 177-188, SGES Publications.
25. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (1997)
    “Towards the Intelligent SEM”, in Electron Microscopy and Analysis 1997, (Institute of Physics Conference Series Number 153), pp. 53-56, Institute of Physics Publishing.
26. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (1997)
    “XpertEze : A Knowledge-Based Approach to Scanning Electron Microscopy” in Applications and Innovations in Expert Systems V, pp. 127-140, SGES Publications.
27. Rodgers, P.A., Clarkson, P.J., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Huxor, A.P. (1998)
    “Supporting “Intelligent” Navigation of Design Knowledge”, in Proceedings of the 1998 Lancaster International Workshop on Engineering Design CACD’98, pp. 123-147, (Eds. A. Bradshaw and J. Counsell), University of Lancaster, 1998.
28. Rodgers, P.A., Caldwell, N.H.M., Huxor, A.P., and Clarkson, P.J. (1999)
    “WebCADET: A Knowledge Support System for New Product Development”, in Proceedings of the 6th International Product Development Management Conference, Vol 2, pp. 937-948.
29. Rodgers, P.A., Caldwell, N.H.M., Huxor, A.P., and Clarkson, P.J. (1999)
    “Handling Design Knowledge in Emerging Dispersed Enterprises”, in Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED '99), (eds U. Lindemann, H. Birkhofer, H. Meerkamm, S. Vajna), pp. 1617-1622.
30. Rodgers, P.A., Caldwell, N.H.M., Huxor, A.P., and Clarkson, P.J. (1999)
    “Web-based Design at the Cambridge Engineering Design Centre”, in Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Engineering Design (ICED '99), (eds U. Lindemann, H. Birkhofer, H. Meerkamm, S. Vajna), pp.1671-1674.
31. Rodgers, P.A., Huxor, A.P. and Caldwell, N.H.M. (1999)
    “DESRES: Towards a Virtual Design Space”, in Proceedings of the Third European Academy of Design Conference, Vol 2, pp. 235-252.
32. Rodgers, P.A., Caldwell, N.H.M., Clarkson, P.J., and Huxor, A.P., (2000),
    “Managing knowledge in dispersed design companies”, in Gero, J.S. (Editor), Artificial Intelligence in Design 2000, Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 2000, pp. 147 - 167.
33. Rodgers, P.A., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Huxor, A.P., (2000),
    “Writing and Sharing of Rule-Text Heuristics to Support Dispersed Design Communities”, in Scrivener, S.A.R. et al. (Editors), Collaborative Design, Springer-Verlag: London, 2000, pp. 431 - 438.
34. Koh, E.C.Y., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Clarkson, P.J. (2009)
    “Using a matrix-based approach to model change propagation” in 11th International Design Structure Matrix Conference, DSM'09, Greenville, South Carolina, USA.
35. Wynn, D.C., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Clarkson, P.J. (2010)
    “Can change prediction help prioritize redesign work in future engineering systems?” in 11th International Design Conference (DESIGN 2010), Dubrovnik, Croatia, Vol 3, pp. 1691-1702.
36. De Lessio, M.P., Caldwell, N.H.M., Wynn, D.C. and Clarkson, P.J. (2010) “Analysing plan content using a matrix-based approach” in 12th International Dependency and Structure Modelling Conference (DSM 2010), Cambridge, UK
37. Atkinson, S.R., Caldwell, N.H.M., Maier, A.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2011)
    “Collaborative Trust Networks in Engineering Design Adaptation”, Proceedings of ICED 2011, Vol 7, pp. 152-161.
38. Masko, M.L., Eckert, C.M., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2011)
    “Designing for resilience: using a Delphi study to identify resilience issues for hospital designs in a changing climate”, Proceedings of ICED 2011, Vol 5, pp. 60-69.
39. Hamraz, B., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2012)
    “FBS linkage model – towards an integrated engineering change prediction and analysis method” in 12th International Design Conference (DESIGN 2012), Dubrovnik, Croatia, Vol 2, pp. 901-910.
40. Goodger, A.C., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Knowles, J.T. (2012)
    “What Does The Assurance Case Approach Deliver For Critical Information Infrastructure Protection In Cybersecurity?”, 7th International IET System Safety Conference.
41. Atkinson, S.R., Feczak, S., Goodger, A., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Hossain, L. (2012)
    “Cyber-internet: a potential eco-system for innovation and adaptation”, Internet as Innovation Eco-System Summit and Exhibition 2012
42. Hajnassiri, S., Caldwell, N.H.M., Goodger, A.C., and Clarkson, P.J. (2013)
    “On the Evolution of Software Process Models: Investigating the Drivers and Enablers of Process Innovation”, 20th International Product Development Management Conference (IPDMC 2013), 23-25 June, Paris.
43. Hajnassiri, S., Caldwell, N.H.M., Loch, C., and Clarkson, P.J. (2013)
    “Measuring Design Performance: Barriers and challenges”, R&D Management, Conference 2013, 26-28 June, Manchester, UK.
44. Atkinson, S.R., Taba, S.T., Goodger, A, Caldwell, N, and Hossain, L (2013)
    “The Need for Synthetic Standards in Managing Cyber Relationships”, SOTICS 2013, The Third International Conference on Social Eco-Informatics, available from http://www.thinkmind.org/index.php?view=article&articleid=sotics_2013_1_20_30018
45. Atkinson, S.R., Goodger, A, Lesher, S,, Caldwell, N., Steel, J., and Shoupe, D. (2014)
    “What are the Real Risks of Knowing and Not Knowing – Leading Knowledge in Cyber”, 19th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, June 16-19, Alexandria VA, USA, available at http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA607110.
46. Sarka, P., Caldwell, N.H.M., Ipsen, C., Maier, A.M., and Heisig, P. (2014)
    “Future research in technological enablers for knowledge management: A worldwide expert study”, British Academy of Management 2014 Conference, September 9-11, Belfast
47. Atkinson, S.R., Levula, A.V., Caldwell, N.H.M., Wigand, R.T. and Hossain, L., (2014), May. Signalling decision making and taking in a complex world. In International Conference on Information Technology and Management Science (ICITMS 2014).
48. Atkinson, S.R., Tolhurst, G., Smallhorn, C., and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2016)
    “Identification and Classification – Designing and Engineering Synthetic Ecologies” 2016 Systems Engineering Test and Evaluation Conference, 17-19 May, Melbourne, Australia.
49. Atkinson, S.R., Skinner, C.J.., Joiner, K.F., and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2017)
    “Awaiting the Next Revolution in Naval Affairs”, Pacific 2017 International Maritime Conference , 3-5 October, Sydney, Australia.
50. Koh, E.C.Y., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2018)
    “Defining system boundaries in change propagation analysis: a diesel case study”, 20th International Dependency and Structure Modelling Conference, 15-17 October, Trieste, Italy. In Proceedings of the 20th International DSM Conference, pp081-091. Also available at https://www.designsociety.org/publication/40978/DEFINING+SYSTEM+BOUNDARIES+IN+CHANGE+PROPAGATION+ANALYSIS%3A+A+DIESEL+ENGINE+CASE+STUDY
     

Concise Conference Papers

51. Chand, G., Breton, B.C., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Holburn, D.M. (1996)
    “World Wide Web Controlled SEM”, in Scanning: The Journal of Scanning Microscopies, 18(3), pp. 201-202.
52. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (1996)
    “Automated filament saturation in the SEM”, in Proceedings of the Royal Microscopical Society, 31(2), p. 126.
53. Breton, B.C., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Holburn D.M. (1996)
    “A Java Powered SEM”, in Proceedings of EUREM-11, Vol 1: Techniques and Instrumentation, p. 356, CESM, 1998.
54. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (1997)
    “FIRST A.I.D. : Using Remote Microscopy and Artificial Intelligence for SEM Fault Diagnosis”,  in Scanning: The Journal of Scanning Microscopies, 19(3), p. 204.
55. Huxor, A.P., Rodgers, P.A., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (1998)
    “Knowledge Systems as Navigation Aids to Online Content and Users”, Proceedings of the Distributed Web-based AI Design Tools Workshop, part of the Fifth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Design. 
56. Caldwell, N.H.M. and Rodgers, P.A. (1998)
    “WebCADET: Facilitating Distributed Design Support”,  in Proceedings of the Colloquium on “Web-based knowledge servers'', (Digest No: 98/307), 9/1-9/4, IEE.
57. Breton, B.C., Chand G., Howard, P.J., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Holburn D.M. (1999)
    “NetSEM Collaborator - An Application in Telemicroscopy”, in Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 5, Supplement 2, pp. 320-321.
58. Rodgers, P.A., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Huxor, A.P. (1999)
    “Authorship of WebCADET Rule-Bases to Support Distributed Product Development”, in Adjunct Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCI '99), (eds H.J. Bullinger and P.H. Vossen), pp. 177-178.
59. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn D.M. (2000)
    “WebXpertEze: intelligent instruments via the Internet”, in Proceedings of the 12th European Congress on Electron Microscopy, Volume III - Instrumentation and Methodology, pp. 411-412, Czechoslovak Society for Electron Microscopy, Brno, 2000.
60. Holburn, D.M., Breton, B.C., Robertson, R.P., Thompson, J.T., and Caldwell N.H.M. (2000)
    “VSEM: an interactive simulation and virtual reality model of the scanning electron microscope”, in Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 6, Supplement 2, pp. 1156-1157.
61. Batten, C.F., Holburn, D.M., Breton, B.C., and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2001)
    “Sharpness Search Algorithms for Automatic Focusing in the Scanning Electron Microscope”, in Scanning: The Journal of Scanning Microscopies, Vol. 23, 2, pp. 112-113.
62. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (2001)
    “XpertEze: Developing Embedded Intelligence for the Scanning Electron Microscope”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 7, Supplement 2, pp. 966-967.
63. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton B.C., Holburn, D.M., and Robertson, R.P. (2002)
    “VSEM: From Technology Demonstrator Towards Integrated Educational Tool”, in Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 8, Supplement 2, pp. 1566-67.
64. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton B.C., Holburn, D.M., and Young, T.C.W., (2003)
    “Particle Analysis using Neural Networks and Image Processing in the SEM”, in Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 9, Supplement 2, pp. 738-739.
65. Martin, G.C., Breton, B.C., Caldwell, N.H.M., and Holburn, D.M. (2005)
    “Virtual SEM (VSEM) - A Teaching and Training Solution for the SEM”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 11, Supplement 2, pp. 650-651.
66. Martin, G.C., Holburn, D.M., Breton B.C., and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2006)
    “Virtual SEM (VSEM) - developing integrated courseware for SEM Training”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 12, Supplement 2, pp. 218-219.
67. Martin, G.C., Holburn, D.M., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Breton, B.C. (2007)
    “Virtual SEM (VSEM) - evaluation of a SEM teaching and training tool”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 13, Supplement 2, pp. 1724-1725.
68. Goodman-Deane, J., Langdon, P.M., Clarkson, P.J., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Sarhan, A.M. (2007)
     “Equipping designers by simulating the effects of visual and hearing impairments”, in Proceedings of the 9th international ACM SIGACCESS conference on Computers and accessibility (ASSETS 2007), pp. 241-242.
69. Caldwell, N.H.M., Bui, M.T., Naran, J., Holburn, D.M. and Breton, B.C. (2008)
    “Do-it-yourself web-based diagnosis for the scanning electron microscope”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 14, Supplement 2, pp. 894-895.
70. Caldwell, N.H.M., Martin, G.C., Mitchell, A.L., Holburn, D.M., and Breton, B.C. (2009)
    “Virtual SEM (VSEM) — Ongoing Development of Teaching Resources”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 15, Supplement S2, pp. 1144-1145.
71. Caldwell, N.H.M., McMahon, C.A., Darlington, M.J., Heisig, P., Holburn, D.M., and Clarkson, P.J. (2009)
    “Applying Engineering Information Management Principles to Microscopy”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Vol. 15, Supplement S2, pp.  806-807.
72. Caldwell, N.H.M., Shoaib, A.R.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (2010)
    "Applying the Google Earth™ Paradigm to Microscopical Specimen Mapping", Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 16, Supplement S2, July 2010, pp. 732-733
73. Goodman-Deane, J., Waller, S.D., Sarhan, A., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Clarkson, P.J. (2011)
    “Simulation software: Providing insight into the effects of vision and hearing impairments” in International Conference on Inclusive Design and Communications (INCLUDE 2011), The Royal College of Art, London, UK
74. Caldwell, N.H.M., Poole, J.R., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (2011)
    “Experimental Observations on FIB Milling using a Custom Software Interface”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 17, Supplement S2, July 2011, pp.  674-675.
75. Caldwell, N.H.M., Li, M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (2012)
    “Using GPGPU techniques for Scanning Electron Microscope autofocusing”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 18, Supplement S2, August 2012, pp.  1210-1211.
76. Caldwell, N.H.M., Lei, Y., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (2013)
    “SEM Real-time Image Processing using a GPGPU approach”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 19, Supplement S2, August 2013, pp.792-793, doi: 10.1017/S1431927613005953.
77. Caldwell, N.H.M., Marshall, A., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (2013)
    “SEM Autofocusing and Astigmatism Correction using FFT and GPGPU techniques”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 19, Supplement S2, August 2013, pp.774-775, doi: 10.1017/S1431927613005862.
78. Chuah, J.H., Holburn, D.M., Breton, B.C., and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2013)
    “Evaluation of a Multi-pixel CMOS Photon Detector”, Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 19, Supplement S2, August 2013, pp. 1190-1191, doi: 10.1017/S1431927613007940
79. Holburn, D.M., Breton, B.C., Li, A. and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2014)
    “GPGPU techniques for electron gun alignment in the Scanning Electron Microscope”, Microscopy and Microanalysis 2014, Volume 20, Supplement 3, August 2014, pp46-47, doi: 10.1017/S1431927614001950
80. Caldwell, N.H.M., Lennox, B.R., Dickerson, T.L., Jones, P.B., Maier, A.M. and Clarkson, P.J. (2016)
    “Healthcare Readiness Levels – it’s time for rocket science”, HSRUK Symposium, 13-14 July, Nottingham. England
81. Brookes, R., Breton, B.C., Holburn, D.M., and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2017)
    “Gesture-Based Control of ImageJ Using Leap Sensors”, Microscopy and Microanalysis 2017, Volume 23, Supplement S1, August 2017, pp244-245.
82. Cater, S., Breton, B.C., Holburn, D.M., and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2017)
    “Gesture-Based Control of Scanning Electron Microscopes Using Leap Sensors”, Microscopy and Microanalysis 2017, Volume 23, Supplement S1, August 2017, pp228-229.
83. Chilton, G., Breton, B. C., Holburn, D. M. and Caldwell, N. H. M. (2018) “Real-time Image Processing and Restoration Prototype for the SEM: Initial Steps,” Microscopy and Microanalysis 2018. Cambridge University Press, 24(S1), pp. 516–517. doi: 10.1017/S1431927618003070.
84. Wong, B., Breton, B. C., Holburn, D. M. and Caldwell, N. H. M. (2018) “Gesture-Based Control of the Scanning Electron Microscope Using a Low-Cost Webcam Sensor,” Microscopy and Microanalysis 2018, Cambridge University Press, 24(S1), pp. 496–497. doi: 10.1017/S1431927618002970.
85. Cook, S. and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2019) “An investigation into the use of digital technology on improving the quality of life for vulnerable adults and enhancing public service delivery”, HSRUK Conference, 2-3 July, Manchester, England.
86. Roebuck, R., Breton, B.C., Holburn, D.M., and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2020) “Experiments in Astigmatism Detection and Correction Techniques for the SEM”, Microscopy and Microanalysis 2020, Cambridge University Press, 26(S1), pp. to be advised. doi:10.1017/S1431927620020516

Professional Magazine Articles (not peer reviewed)

87. Breton, B.C., Chand, G., Caldwell, N.H.M. and Holburn, D.M. (1997)
    “Remote Microscopy in the Real World”, Microscopy and Analysis, September 1997, pp. 19-21.
88. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn D.M. (1998)
    “Making SEMs Smarter”, Microscopy and Analysis, (November 1998), pp. 9-11.
89. Holburn, D.M., Robertson, R.P., Breton B.C., and Caldwell N.H.M. (2000)
    “A Virtual Scanning Electron Microscope for Teaching and Training”, Microscopy & Analysis, March/April 2000, pp. 5-7.
90. Caldwell, N.H.M., Breton, B.C., and Holburn, D.M. (2001)
    “Prolog Knowledge Base Supplies Embedded and Web Remote Control: Intelligence for Microscopes”, PC AI, 15(3) (May/June 2001), pp. 25-26,28.
91. Caldwell, N.H.M., Martin, G.C., Mitchell, A.L., Holburn, D.M., and Breton, B.C. (2010)
    "Virtual SEM (VSEM)—Ongoing Development of Teaching Resources", Microscopy Today, May 2010, pp. 32-36
92. Cook, S. and Caldwell, N.H.M. (2019) “Moving away from barriers to technology”, Social Work, January-March 2019, pp24-25.
93. Reay Atkinson, S., Skinner, C.J., Joiner, K.F., Caldwell, N.H.M., & Swidan, A. (2020). Important trends and junctures in warship design - Redux. The NAVY - Journal of the Navy League of Australia, Vol 82, Issue 3, pp. 7-13.
94. Reay Atkinson, S., Skinner, C.J., Joiner, K.F., Caldwell, N.H.M., & Swidan, A. (2020). Important trends and junctures in warship design - Redux. The Naval Review - Journal of the UK Royal Navy and Royal Marines, Vol 108, No. 3, Aug, pp. 400-409.

Archived Report (not peer reviewed)

95. McMahon, C.A., Caldwell, N.H.M., Darlington, M.J., Culley, S.J., Giess, M.D. and Clarkson, P.J. (2009)
    “The Development of a Set of Principles for Through-Life Management of Engineering Information”, available from both http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/221307 and http://opus.bath.ac.uk/16132/